NEIBA Fall Conference: Jill Lepore on The Rise and Fall of the Artificial State
Jill Lepore, who gave the opening keynote at the New England Independent Booksellers Association's Fall Conference last week, spoke about her sadly timely new book, The Rise and Fall of the Artificial State (Liveright). As she put it in her continually cheerful style, "It's a very grim topic but a very fun read." And she emphasized repeatedly that she believes humans and humanity will prevail in the conflict with machines and the growing prevalence of tech in people's lives, helped in large part by the work that booksellers do bringing people together, creating community, and promoting reading--a key foundation for true democracy.
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| Jill Lepore | |
"It's a fraught moment," she said, marked by "the building of data centers that will house machinery instead of offering housing for people." By contrast, she said to the booksellers, "I think about the work that you all do as a data center but in the best possible sense, in the sense of gathering people together to seek out knowledge and community. It's more precious than ever, and I thank you for that."
In her book, Lepore said, she wanted to try to answer the question: "how did living together as mammals come to seem so precarious?" In so many areas of their lives--basic social, familial, civil society, and community commitments--people have substituted "interactions with machines" instead of human connections. This kind of artificial state, she argued, "risks becoming the successor to the liberal, democratic nation state.... Being in a democracy requires your participation, your representation, your deliberation over issues. It makes you into a citizen. The artificial state makes you into a troll. It does not make citizens; it unmakes citizens."
The public sphere, she continued, is no longer public. Every platform from social media sites to websites has more bots than humans on it, and they're all privately owned. "Our public discourse is controlled essentially by the three richest people on the planet." And this is "all separate from the risk that the robots are about to kill us all."
The first half of The Rise and Fall of the Artificial State is a long history of the rise of machines, including the personal computer, the internet, social media companies, right up to generative AI. The growing shift from "democratic self-government--government by consent--to government by machine happened largely by accident," she observed, but now is being led by the people Lepore calls "the merchant princes of Silicon Valley."
Lepore said the second half of the book is "a history of science fiction" and how it has been twisted by those merchant princes--including Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, and Peter Thiel--who have called early science fiction tales from the '30s and '40s "hugely influential on their worldview." But those books had futures that were dystopian and "those books were not instruction manuals!" Also, many science fiction writers were anti-imperialist, anti-racist, anti-authoritarian, whose lessons the merchant princes have ignored. Happily, "in science fiction, all the artificial states collapse," Lepore added.
"I think we can't survive as people who live freely, in a world where we choose our governments and elect our leaders if we give up on reading, on reading physical actual books," she added. "I think it's important to resist the idea that the AI takeover is an inevitability because I think the inevitability is the resistance of human beings." --John Mutter













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