The motto of the Tombstone newspaper the Epitaph read "Every Tombstone needs an Epitaph," and Mary Doria Russell (The Sparrow, Children of God) has set out to provide one. Having written about the life of Dr. John Henry "Doc" Holliday (in Doc), Russell takes the logical next step with a sweeping yet personal recounting of the human egos and social clashes that swirled into an infamous storm of gunfire in 1881 Arizona. Before the romance of the Old West entered our national consciousness, before the world at large ever heard the name O.K. Corral, Wyatt Earp was just one of a passel of Earp brothers who came to the silver strike town of Tombstone in hopes of capitalizing on its quick economic growth. Russell takes readers through the turbulent months leading up to a 30-second shootout that would divide a nation, as seen through the eyes of the men--not yet heroes or villains--and women who shaped the events.

Readers' natural reactions may be to assume that Russell cannot give them a better or different story than the films Tombstone and Wyatt Earp, in which the honorable Earp brothers and Doc Holliday defeat the cattle-rustling Cowboys gang in a showdown that symbolizes the civilized farmer-landowner conquering the lawlessness of the Wild West. However, Russell's unique treatment of the material provides a more detailed and human look at some of the most lionized and reviled personalities in U.S. history without regard for their legendary status. Since the O.K. Corral shootout stands as one of the formative mythologies of American culture, Russell fittingly frames the story in terms of a Homeric poem. Every Iliad begins with its Helen, and this one is no exception. Josephine Sarah Marcus, a runaway teenage girl from San Francisco, may seem more deserving of a supporting role in a story traditionally told from a male perspective, but Russell returns frequently to the wide-eyed ingénue who would later have an enormous influence on the public understanding of Wyatt Earp. Josie's early days in Tombstone as the live-in lover of Sheriff Johnny Behan give readers a newcomer's view of Tombstone and its citizens, allowing Russell a jumping-off point into the lives of Behan, Holliday and the Earps, who in turn provide entry into the lives of other characters, emphasizing the small-town interconnectedness of their orbits.

Readers will find no good guys in white hats here. While the side of the Earps and Holliday is more sympathetically drawn, Russell spends plenty of time sketching the opposition as well, particularly Ike Clanton, whose brain is slightly addled from the many times he has taken a beating his father meant for one of his younger siblings. Easiest to like is Tom McLaury, who believes he has found the love of his life in Morgan Earp's faithful common-law wife, Louisa, and tries to court her with plants that will bloom in the desert. Figures who affected or were affected by the situation but are generally given little exploration in retellings have center stage moments, from newspaper editors to stagecoach drivers, and especially the Earps' domestic partners. Giving consideration to the backstories of people traditionally cast as villains or ignored completely allows Russell to set up a panoramic view of "a time of fakery and exuberant corruption, of patronage and cronyism and every species of shameless self-seeking." Her triumph lies not only in a gripping reimagining of the events leading up to the famous gunfight, but in her dissection of how Wyatt's name became the focus of political and ideological pressures that hardened his legend from coal to diamond.

"It wasn't lying. It was letting a lucrative legend replace an old man's life." The arguing starts as soon as the smoke of the shots clears from the air. In a deeply divided partisan climate, the Earps and Holliday become symbols of law and order for a Democratic party that supports fencing the range and the rights of landowners, while the Cowboys became symbols of persecution to a Republican party that "resists regulation in the name of personal liberty." Even today, historians cannot say what happened during the gunfight with any certainty--who shot first, who was or was not armed--in part because so many conflicting eyewitness accounts muddy the waters. Russell's point, however, is not who fired at whom, but the ways in which a single violent moment defined a man's life forever.

Western genre fans may seem like the obvious audience for anything Earp-related, and certainly Russell packs in enough action and gun-slinging to satisfy them. However, her broad portrait of a time combined with her detailed depictions of its people will enthrall anyone who likes their thrills with a side of thoughtfulness or wants to pull back the veil on whitewashed versions of actual events. While filled with romance and danger, this account also embraces the bittersweet nature of real life and celebrates the humanity of some of our most lauded heroes, their heads made only heavier by the laurels. --Jaclyn Fulwood

photo: Don Russell

Mary Doria Russell is the author of five previous bestsellers including The Sparrow, Children of God and Doc. Russell holds a Ph.D. in biological anthropology and lives in Lyndhurst, Ohio. We recently caught up with her to get her fascinating perspective on the Old West and the power of the modern myth.

Why do you think the story of the O.K. Corral is so often retold?

The Greeks call it catharsis. What happened in Tombstone fits the model of a classic revenge drama. Brothers killed; justice denied; revenge exacted. Revenge dramas have been popular since Shakespeare's time.

A century of mythologizing has turned Wyatt Earp into a good man who did bad things for good reasons. That makes it okay to identify with Wyatt and think, "Yes. If my brother were gunned down, I'd want a reckoning, too." But even in 1881, the gunfight was international news and immediately moved to the center of what people believed about frontier justice in the Old West, just as the era was ending. Newspaper publishers found the story irresistible.

Opinions about the gunfight divided along political lines. The Earps were badge-wearing thugs and murderers who killed innocent civilians because of a personal feud; Doc Holliday was worse than any of them, a quarrelsome drunk and a killer. Or, the Earps were valiant lawmen defending their city from violent criminals; Doc Holliday was their loyal friend, a gentleman and a scholar.

There was a lucrative market for either version. Probably the best modern analogy is the Fox News vs. MSNBC coverage of the Trayvon Martin killing, but there have been plenty of officer-involved shootings since that one. Epitaph is tragically topical.

You say, "Who tells the story, and why... that makes all the difference." What makes your take on it fresh?

For 133 years, the gunfight at the O.K. Corral has been a story about men, written by men, told to men, most of whom work indoors and chafe at the modern world's restrictions, and sometimes think yearningly about just plain shooting some sonofabitch who richly deserves it.

I bring a whole different perspective to the subject, and not just because I have two X chromosomes. I'm a cop's daughter. I grew up with guns. Police work was dinner-table conversation in our house. I'm also a liberal Democrat who finds the militarization of the American police forces disturbing and dangerous. So I bring some nuance to the story.

And I wasn't willing to accept clichés about good guys and bad guys. I do a ton of research for my novels. This one drew on very recent biographies documenting the real lives of those who had a part in Tombstone story, but as an anthropologist, I'm interested in how myths develop. Why did an inoffensive alfalfa farmer like Tom McLaury become a bad guy who deserved to die? How did Wyatt Earp become a hero after carrying out the brutal extra-judicial executions of at least five men?

Those questions led me to the influence of Josie Marcus Earp, who saw to it that Wyatt's life was scrubbed, sanded, smoothed and polished until it was shiny enough for people to name their sons after her husband. That required other men to take all the blame for what happened.

I wanted to do better for the dead. I wanted to lay ghosts to rest. That's partly why the novel is named Epitaph.

Doc Holliday

We hear that you went to Tombstone for research purposes.

Yep. It's one thing to absorb a library of books about the gunfight. It's a whole other thing to spend five days on horseback in the mountains and deserts that surround Tombstone. Fifty-eight miles over dangerous, difficult terrain taught me a lot about the physical realities of the hunt for Morgan Earp's killers. I was 60 and healthy; John Henry Holliday was 30 and dying of tuberculosis. I know in my muscles, my bones and my skin what that ordeal must have been like for him.

I think Doc's insistence on seeing it through is a testament to his affection for Morgan Earp, and his grief over Morgan's death, and his determination to bear witness to what Wyatt did.

Do you think you could live in the Wild West?

Oh, dear God, no! Well, I suppose I'd have adapted to it, but the reason I started with Doc Holliday's story is that his experience of the frontier was what we'd feel, if dropped into Texas in 1873. John Henry Holliday was beautifully educated and just starting a fine career as an Atlanta dentist when he was diagnosed with advanced tuberculosis. At just 22, he had to choose between dying young in the lethal, steamy heat of Atlanta, or going west in the hope that the dry air and sunshine could cure a disease that was eating him alive.

Scared, lonely and sick, that quiet, bookish boy found himself on the rawest edge of the American frontier, cut off from everything he loved: music, books, family. He must have felt like he was on the far side of the moon. I suspect we'd feel the same way.

Wyatt Earp

What interests you about the time period?

It's the beginning of the modern world! Cattle drives, pioneers and isolated boom towns make up most of western lore, but look at what was happening around the world in the 1870s!

The phonograph, telephone, the internal combustion engine and incandescent lighting were being developed. Toulouse Lautrec, Degas, Monet, Pisarro and Renoir were changing the art world.The ballet Coppelia was staged. Bizet's Carmen premiered. It was the era of Tchaikovsky, Verdi, Strauss, Berlioz and Brahms. The popular writers were Dostoevsky, Victor Hugo, Henry James, Anthony Trollope, Jules Verne, George Elliot, Lewis Carroll, Dickens and Tolstoy.

That was the culture John Henry Holliday was born to and educated for, and I wanted to spend time in it.

What made you draw the parallel between this story and Homeric epics?

The Iliad of Homer is rooted in the intimacy of a love story but places the siege of Troy in its national and international context. Homer insists that neither the Greeks nor the Trojans had a monopoly on either honor or brutality. He demands that you recognize the heroism of Hector, the weakness Paris, the pigheadedness of Achilles. He makes you understand the allure of Helen, the faithfulness of Andromache, the fear of the women of Troy. And when the story explodes into battle, rage and pitiless violence, you mourn the dead on both sides of the conflict.

The gunfight at the O.K. Corral and the vendetta that followed it are a Homeric epic for Americans. This story is our Iliad. I wanted to tell both sides of that story, with all its ambition and stupidity, all its bravery and honor, all its love and grief. If you read Epitaph and mourn Tom McLaury as much as Morgan Earp, then I've done my job. I've laid the ghosts to rest. --Jaclyn Fulwood